See monstre in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "mons"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monstru"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "monstr",
"word": "монстр"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "monstre"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "monster"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monster"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "monster"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "monster"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "monster"
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{
"lang": "Scots",
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"word": "monster"
}
],
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:mōnstrum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*man-eje-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"remind\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"think\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*men-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"causative suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*monéyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*moneō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*monestrom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"remind\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":from\", \"3\" : \"<alt:*man-eje-><ety:inh<ine-pro:*monéyeti<id:remind>>>\", \"id\" : \"remind\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*moneō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"moneō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-trom\", \"id\" : \"instrument\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-trum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mōnstrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"monstre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"monstre\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "mōnstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mōnstrum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin mōnstrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "monstre oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "monstres",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "monstres",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "monstre",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mostre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "moustre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "monstre oblique singular, m (oblique plural monstres, nominative singular monstres, nominative plural monstre)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monster"
],
"id": "en-monstre-fro-noun-vqr6UQvM",
"links": [
[
"monster",
"monster"
]
]
}
],
"word": "monstre"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "mons"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monstru"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "monstr",
"word": "монстр"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "monstre"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "monster"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monster"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "monster"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "monster"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "monstre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "monster"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "monster"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "moustre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:mōnstrum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*man-eje-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"remind\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"think\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*men-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"causative suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*monéyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*moneō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*monestrom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"remind\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":from\", \"3\" : \"<alt:*man-eje-><ety:inh<ine-pro:*monéyeti<id:remind>>>\", \"id\" : \"remind\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*moneō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"moneō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"instrument\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"itc-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-trom\", \"id\" : \"instrument\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-trum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mōnstrum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"monstre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"monstre\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "mōnstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mōnstrum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin mōnstrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "monstre oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "monstres",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "monstres",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "monstre",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mostre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "moustre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "monstre oblique singular, m (oblique plural monstres, nominative singular monstres, nominative plural monstre)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (think)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"monster"
],
"links": [
[
"monster",
"monster"
]
]
}
],
"word": "monstre"
}
Download raw JSONL data for monstre meaning in Old French (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'monstre oblique singular or', originally 'monstre oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"monstre"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "monstre",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'monstre oblique singular or', originally 'monstre oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"monstre"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "monstre",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'monstre oblique singular or' in 'monstre oblique singular, m (oblique plural monstres, nominative singular monstres, nominative plural monstre)'",
"path": [
"monstre"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "monstre",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.